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1.
Saúde debate ; 43(spe5): 44-57, Dez. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1101961

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Na perspectiva da análise comparada de Sistemas de Saúde (SS), este artigo analisa o SS brasileiro visando identificar estratégias promissoras para seu desenvolvimento. Metodologicamente, baseados em estudos sobre a sua formação/situação e nos seus principais componentes assistenciais e de financiamento, discutem-se suas aproximações e distanciamentos dos três tipos principais de SS: 1- baseados nos serviços nacionais universais (beveridgeanos); 2- baseados em seguros sociais obrigatórios (bismarckianos); 3- baseados em seguros privados voluntários (smithianos). O SS brasileiro é misto/segmentado, com muitos aspectos beveridgeanos, especialmente na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) (municipalizada e heterogênea), e smithianos (setor privado, cuidado especializado e hospitalar - insuficientes no SUS); e pouco similar aos bismarckianos. Nos seus aspectos smithianos e bismarckianos, é muito intensa a vigência da lei dos cuidados inversos, com financiamento público do setor privado para o quartil mais rico da população. Para maior racionalidade, equidade e universalidade, há que se investir nos aspectos beveridgeanos do SS brasileiro, o que não vem ocorrendo: reduzir gastos tributários em saúde, expandir e qualificar a APS via Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e o cuidado especializado e hospitalar, regionalizar sua gestão, reduzindo desigualdades, e aumentar o poder de coordenação da ESF, ampliando/modificando os Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família.


ABSTRACT In light of comparative analysis of Health Systems (HS), this article aims to discuss the Brazilian HS in order to identify promising strategies for its development. Methodologically, based on studies about its formation/situation and on its main components of assistance and of funding, the approximation and distancing from the three main types of HS are discussed: 1- those based on universal national services (Beveridgeans); 2- those based on compulsory social insurance (Bismarckian); 3- those based on voluntary private insurance (Smithians). The Brazilian HS is mixed/segmented and includes both Beveridgean aspects, especially Primary Health Care (PHC) (municipalized and heterogeneous), and Smithians elements, such as private sector, specialized and hospital care. But it is little similar to the Bismarckian HS. In its Smithian and Bismarckian aspects, the law of reverse care is more evident, with public funding from the private sector to the wealthiest quartile of the population. For greater rationality, efficiency, equity, and universality, it is necessary to invest in the Beveridgean aspects of the Brazilian HS, which does not yet occur. This means reducing health tax expenditures, expanding and qualifying both PHC, through Family Health Strategy (FHS) and specialized and hospital care, as well as regionalizing its management, reducing inequalities and increasing the coordinating role of the FHS, by expanding or modifying the Family Health Support Center.


Subject(s)
Unified Health System/organization & administration , Health Systems/economics , Public Expenditures on Health/policies , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Brazil
2.
Saúde debate ; 43(spe5): 104-112, Dez. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1101968

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Estudio comparativo adoptando la técnica de investigación bibliográfica, mediante identificación y lectura de obras de referencia de consagrados autores de la bioética, con el objetivo de analizar discursos bioéticos sobre la temática del acceso a la salud en Estados Unidos y Brasil. Identificamos que el énfasis de los discursos estadounidenses está en la adquisición de bienes y servicios de salud y en estrategias para garantizar el acceso a seguros de salud, que es vista como una mercancía. Por el contrario, los discursos brasileños se centran en defender el derecho y acceso universal a la salud, que es vista como un valor social, un derecho humano fundamental. Los autores concluyen que los discursos bioéticos sobre el acceso a la salud encarnan diferentes perspectivas ético-políticas. En este sentido, las políticas de salud pueden promover - o no - los derechos humanos, incluyendo el derecho a la salud, dependiendo de cómo son concebidas o ejecutadas.


ABSTRACT Comparative study, with a hermeneutical approach, adopting the bibliographic research technique, through identification and reading of reference works by renowned authors of bioethics, with the aim of analyzing bioethical discourses on the subject of access to healthcare in the United States and Brazil. We identify that the emphasis of American discourses is on the acquisition of health goods and services and on strategies to guarantee access to health insurance, which is seen as a commodity. On the contrary, Brazilian discourses focus on defending the right and universal access to health, which is seen as a social value, a fundamental human right. The authors conclude that bioethical discourses on access to health embody different ethical-political perspectives. In this sense, health policies may or may not promote human rights, including the right to healthcare, depending on how they are conceived or executed.


Subject(s)
Bioethics , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , United States , Brazil
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(12): 4579-4586, dez. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055763

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente artículo indaga sobre la participación popular en salud en barrios de la periferia de La Plata (Argentina) en un contexto de vaciamiento de las políticas sociales de acuerdo a las normativas neoliberales que rigen con fuerza creciente en el país y en el continente. En este marco de crisis económica que afecta particularmente a la salud pública, los movimientos sociales se organizan para defenderla, al mismo tiempo que resisten el empobrecimiento cotidiano y construyen alternativas de salud popular y colectiva. El trabajo, sostenido en una investigación etnográfica, se propone reconstruir los modos en que los sujetos reconfiguran los modos de pensar la salud y la participación política en la vida cotidiana de los territorios a través de distintas tácticas y estrategias de cuidado y construcción político-comunitarias.


Abstract This article investigates the popular participation in health in neighborhoods of the periphery of La Plata (Argentina) in a context of emptying of social policies according to the neo-liberal regulations that govern with increasing force in the country and in the continent. In this framework of economic crisis that especially affects public health, social movements are organized to defend, while resisting daily impoverishment and building popular and collective health alternatives. The work, sustained in an ethnographic investigation, aims to reconstruct the ways in which the subjects reconfigure the ways of thinking about health and political participation in the daily life of the territories through different tactics and strategies of care and community-political construction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Politics , Social Justice , Residence Characteristics , Public Health , Community Participation/methods , Economic Recession , Argentina , Public Sector/economics , Public Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/economics , Qualitative Research , Right to Health/trends , Health Promotion/methods , Health Services Accessibility , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Anthropology, Cultural , National Health Programs/organization & administration
4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(7): 2197-2212, jul. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952702

ABSTRACT

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, vários sistemas de saúde latino-americanos passaram por reformas. O artigo analisa as políticas de saúde na Argentina, Brasil e México de 1990 a 2014, explorando estratégias, condicionantes e efeitos das reformas sobre a configuração dos sistemas de saúde. Adotou-se a abordagem histórico-comparativa, considerando os eixos: trajetória da política de saúde; contexto político e econômico; agendas, processos e estratégias de reforma; mudanças na configuração do sistema, em termos de estratificação social e desmercantilização. A pesquisa compreendeu revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e de dados secundários e entrevistas. No período, a Argentina manteve na saúde o sistema corporativo fragmentado, com expansão do setor privado e de programas públicos específicos. O Brasil implantou um sistema público universal, que convive com um setor privado dinâmico e crescente. O México manteve o seguro social dos trabalhadores e criou um seguro de saúde para pobres. Em que pesem as diferenças nos condicionantes e estratégias de reforma, nos três países persistiram a estratificação social e a mercantilização em saúde, sob formas variadas. A transformação dessas características é fundamental para a construção de sistemas de saúde universais na América Latina.


Abstract Over recent decades, several Latin American health systems have undergone reforms. This paper analyzes health policies in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico from 1990 to 2014. It explores the reform strategies, explanatory factors and effects on the configuration of each health system. The analytical framework was based on the historical-comparative approach and considered the following aspects: political and economic context; health reform agendas, processes and strategies; changes in the health system configuration in terms of social stratification and de-commodification. The research methods involved literature review, document and data analysis and interviews. In the period, Argentina maintained an employment-based and fragmented healthcare system, expanded specific public programs and private health plans. Brazil created a public and universal health system, which coexists with a dynamic and growing private sector. Mexico maintained the employment-based health care and created a popular health insurance. Although the reform influences and strategies varied between the countries, social stratification and commodification persisted in the three health systems, under different arrangements.The transformation of these characteristics is essential to build universal health systems in Latin America.


Subject(s)
Humans , Politics , Health Care Reform , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Policy , Argentina , Brazil , Public Sector/economics , Private Sector/economics , Commodification , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Mexico
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(6): 1763-1776, jun. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952653

ABSTRACT

Resumo Nos últimos anos, acirrou-se o debate internacional sobre diferentes concepções de universalidade em saúde, polarizado nas propostas de sistema universal versus cobertura universal em saúde. A concepção de cobertura universal tem sido difundida por organizações internacionais e incorporada às reformas dos sistemas de saúde de alguns países em desenvolvimento, inclusive na América Latina. O artigo explora os pressupostos e as estratégias relacionados à proposta de cobertura universal de saúde. Inicialmente contrastam-se as concepções de universalidade nos modelos de cobertura universal e de sistemas universais de saúde. A seguir, contextualiza-se o debate internacional, incluindo exemplos de diferentes sistemas de saúde. Por fim, discutem-se as implicações da concepção de cobertura universal para o direito à saúde no Brasil. A análise das diferentes concepções de universalidade e das experiências de países evidenciam que arranjos de seguros (privados ou sociais) não superam as fortalezas de sistemas públicos universais de saúde. A compreensão dos projetos em disputa no cenário internacional é fundamental para identificar possibilidades e ameaças à consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil.


Abstract In recent years the international debate about universality in health has been marked by a polarization between ideas based on a universal system, and notions proposing universal health coverage. The concept of universal coverage has been disseminated by international organizations and has been incorporated into health system reforms in several developing countries, including some in Latin America. This article explores the assumptions and strategies related to the proposal of universal health coverage. Firstly, a comparison is provided of the models of universal health coverage and universal health systems. This is followed by a contextualization of the international debate, including examples of different health systems. Finally, the implications of the proposal of universal coverage for the right to health in Brazil are discussed. The analysis of different concepts of universality and the experiences of different countries shows that health insurance-based models, either social or private, are not as satisfactory as public, universal health systems. Greater understanding about ongoing international projects is essential in order to identify the possibilities represented by the consolidation of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil, as well as the risks of dismantling the SUS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Universal Health Insurance , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Brazil , Health Care Reform , Developing Countries , Latin America
6.
Salud colect ; 13(1): 5-17, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-845977

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN En este artículo se analiza el sistema de seguro social de salud de China, sus reformas y los principales desequilibrios sociales encontrados. A partir de diversos autores de referencia, es posible observar que las reformas rurales y urbanas siguen el mismo patrón: un sistema de gran tamaño que se fue reduciendo, para volver a expandirse en una forma relativamente rápida. Sin embargo, a pesar de las mejoras, persisten algunos problemas históricos de China, principalmente, la brecha rural-urbana y las desigualdades regionales. La falta de integración del trabajador que migra del campo a la ciudad también se reproduce fuertemente en el sistema de salud pública de China, siendo estos los principales desafíos que se presentan actualmente.


ABSTRACT This article analyzes the social health insurance system in China, its reforms and the principal social inequalities uncovered. Based in the work of a number of authors of reference, it is possible to observe that rural and urban reforms follow the same pattern: large systems that were gradually reduced and then again expanded relatively quickly. Improvements notwithstanding, some of China’s historical problems persist, especially the rural-urban gap and regional disparities. The lack of integration of workers that migrate from the country to the city is reproduced in the current Chinese public health system, constituting one of the primary challenges to be faced at present.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Care Reform/organization & administration , Healthcare Disparities/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Socioeconomic Factors , China , Rural Health , Urban Health
7.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 41: e170, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043210

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Chile mantiene un sistema de salud segmentado por riesgos e ingresos. Una Comisión Presidencial encargada en 2014 planteó dos escenarios para el sistema de salud según el horizonte de tiempo en que se esperaban sus resultados. Para el largo plazo propuso una visión hacia dónde debiera dirigirse el sistema de salud chileno, conviniendo en un seguro público único. En lo inmediato, propuso una transición que consistía en regular a las instituciones de salud previsional para que funcionaran bajo reglas y principios de seguridad social. Los planteamientos centrales se sustentaron en evidencia internacional de sistemas que han alcanzado éxito en ofrecer acceso y cobertura universal de salud a sus habitantes, mediante las transformaciones y regulaciones apropiadas. El análisis realizado por la Comisión implicó la inauguración de un nuevo paradigma para las políticas de salud en Chile. Uno que señala que la estrategia utilizada hasta ese momento, de promover mayor competencia y libertad de elección en mercados de seguros de salud, no ha dado resultados, y que para avanzar hacia el acceso equitativo a la salud es necesario poner en el centro el derecho a la salud y los principios de solidaridad y equidad, así como valorar el avance en el mundo, reconociendo que el esquema chileno se aleja de las mejores prácticas en cuanto a diseño de los sistemas de salud. La propuesta no se ha implementado aún, y será necesario plantear una implementación acelerada de la visión de largo plazo. La experiencia es relevante para otros países de la Región de las Américas que discuten los problemas de la segmentación en salud.(AU)


ABSTRACT Chile maintains a health system segmented by risks and income. A Presidential Commission convened in 2014 presented two scenarios for its health system in accordance with a timeline of expected results. For the long term, it proposed a vision for the direction of the Chilean health system that would converge in a single public insurance. For the short term, it proposed a transition that consisted of regulating pension health institutions to function under social security rules and principles. The central approaches were based on international evidence of systems that have achieved success in offering universal health access and coverage to the population, through appropriate transformations and regulations. The analysis carried out by the Commission signaled the beginning of a new paradigm for health policies in Chile. This points out that the strategy used previously—to promote greater competition and freedom of choice in health insurance markets—has not yielded results, and that in order to advance towards equitable access to health it is necessary to focus on the right to health and the principles of solidarity and equity, as well as assessing progress in the world, recognizing that the Chilean scheme moves away from the best practices in terms of the design of health systems. The proposal has not been implemented yet, and it will be necessary to propose an accelerated implementation plan for its longterm vision. Chile's experience is relevant for other countries in the Region of the Americas that discuss the problems of health segmentation.(AU)


RESUMO O Chile mantém um sistema de saúde segmentado por riscos e renda. Uma Comissão Presidencial delegada em 2014 propôs dois cenários para o sistema de saúde de acordo com o horizonte temporal em que seus resultados eram esperados. Para o longo prazo, foi indicadauma visão de onde o sistema de saúde chileno deveria chegar, concordando com um único seguro de saúde público. De forma imediata, foi recomendada uma transição que consiste em regular as instituições de seguro de saúde para funcionar de acordo com as regras e princípios de seguridade social. As abordagens centrais foram baseadas em evidências internacionais de sistemas que alcançaram sucesso em oferecer acesso e cobertura de saúde universal aos seus habitantes, através de transformações e regulamentos adequados. A análise realizada pela Comissão envolveu a inauguração de um novo paradigma para as políticas de saúde no Chile. Uma sinalização foi sobre a estratégia utilizada até esse momento, de promover uma maior concorrência e liberdade de escolha nos mercados de seguros de saúde, não tem produzido resultados, e que, para avançar ao acesso equitativo à saúde, é necessário colocar no centro da estratégia o direito à saúde e os princípios de solidariedade e equidade, bem como avaliar o progresso no mundo, reconhecendo que o esquema chileno se afasta das melhores práticas em termos de projetar sistemas de saúde. A proposta não foi implementada até o momento, e será necessário propor uma implementação acelerada da visão de longo prazo. A experiência é relevante para outros países da Região das Américas que discutem os problemas de segmentação da saúde.(AU)


Subject(s)
Social Security/organization & administration , Health Systems/organization & administration , Health Care Reform/trends , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Chile , Health Policy
8.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(4): 600-603, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-770503

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the financial resources and investments provided for preventive medicine programs by health insurance companies of all kinds. Methods Data were collected from 30 large health insurance companies, with over 100 thousand individuals recorded, and registered at the Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar. Results It was possible to identify the percentage of participants of the programs in relation to the total number of beneficiaries of the health insurance companies, the prevention and promotion actions held in preventive medicine programs, the inclusion criteria for the programs, as well as the evaluation of human resources and organizational structure of the preventive medicine programs. Conclusion Most of the respondents (46.7%) invested more than US$ 50,000.00 in preventive medicine program, while 26.7% invested more than US$ 500,000.00. The remaining, about 20%, invested less than US$ 50,000.00, and 3.3% did not report the value applied.


RESUMO Objetivo Identificar os recursos financeiros e os investimentos disponibilizados para os programas de medicina preventiva em operadoras de saúde suplementar de todos os tipos. Métodos Foram levantados dados referentes a 30 operadoras de saúde registradas na Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar, de grande porte, com registro acima de 100 mil vidas. Resultados Foi possível identificar o porcentual de participantes dos programas em relação ao número total de beneficiários da operadora, as ações de prevenção e promoção realizadas nos programas de medicina preventiva, os critérios de inclusão nos programas, bem como a avaliação dos recursos humanos e da estrutura organizacional dos programas de medicina preventiva pesquisadas. Conclusão A maior parte dos pesquisados (46,7%) investiu mais de US$ 50,000.00 no programa de medicina preventiva, enquanto 26,7% investiram mais de US$ 500,000.00. Os restantes, cerca de 20%, investiram menos de US$ 50,000.00 e 3,3% não informaram o valor aplicado.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Preventive Medicine/organization & administration , Private Sector/organization & administration , Brazil , Cost-Benefit Analysis/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/economics , Insurance, Health/classification , Program Evaluation/economics , Surveys and Questionnaires
10.
Rev. salud pública ; 14(supl.1): 1-17, jun. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-659926

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Analizar las condiciones socio-laborales y de aseguramiento en salud de dos grupos de trabajadores que perdieron su empleo en la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia en dos periodos (2004 y 2007), a fin de contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas alternativas que afronten eficazmente el problema de desprotección en salud del trabajador cesante y su grupo familiar. Metodología A partir de la información primaria, recolectada mediante el mismo instrumento aplicado a dos muestras independientes de trabajadores que perdieron su empleo en la ciudad de Medellín en 2004 (n=267) y en 2007 (n=198), se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal utilizando técnicas de investigación cuantitativa de análisis univariado y bivariado. Resultados Tanto en 2004 como en 2007 la eventualidad de que los trabajadores cesantes quedaran sin aseguramiento en salud estuvo asociada en buena medida a variables de sexo, edad, educación, estrato socioeconómico, posición ocupacional, nivel salarial y duración del desempleo. Su disposición de acceder a recursos del microcrédito o a un micro seguro, propuestos a la Administración Municipal como políticas públicas para mantener su afiliación como cotizantes en el régimen contributivo en salud, fue altamente favorable en ambos grupos. Conclusiones El perfil socio-laboral de los trabajadores cesantes guarda correspondencia en ambos grupos, aunque se presentan diferencias relevantes en las condiciones de aseguramiento en salud. Se concluye que la vulnerabilidad de los trabajadores cesantes que quedan excluidos del aseguramiento en salud demanda de la sociedad y del Estado políticas públicas alternativas para su protección.


Objective Analyzing the socio-occupational and health insurance for two groups of workers who lost their job in the city of Medellin, Colombia in two periods (2004 and 2007), in order to help design alternative public policies that effectively confront the problem of vulnerability in health of unemployed workers and their families. Methodology Based on primary information, collected through the same instrument applied to two independent samples of workers who lost their job in the city of Medellin in 2004 (n = 267) and 2007 (n = 198), a descriptive cross-sectional study was made using quantitative research techniques of univariate and bivariate analysis. Results In both 2004 and 2007 studies the possibility that unemployed workers remain without health insurance was largely associated to variables of sex, age, education, socioeconomic status, occupational status, salary level and duration of unemployment. Their willingness to access to micro credit resources or a micro insurance, proposed to the municipal government as public policies to maintain their membership as contributors to the contributory regime, was highly favorable in both groups. Conclusions The socio-occupational profile of unemployed workers keeps correspondence in both groups, although there are significant differences in the conditions of health insurance. We conclude that the vulnerability of unemployed workers excluded from the health insurance demands of society and State alternative public policies for their protection.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Medically Uninsured/statistics & numerical data , Unemployment , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Databases, Factual , Educational Status , Employment , Government Programs/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Patient Credit and Collection/legislation & jurisprudence , Patient Credit and Collection/organization & administration , Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Policy , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Sampling Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population
11.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 31(1): 74-80, ene. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-618471

ABSTRACT

While U.S. health care reform will most likely reduce the overall number of uninsured Mexican-Americans, it does not address challenges related to health care coverage for undocumented Mexican immigrants, who will remain uninsured under the measures of the reform; documented low-income Mexican immigrants who have not met the five-year waiting period required for Medicaid benefits; or the growing number of retired U.S. citizens living in Mexico, who lack easy access to Medicare-supported services. This article reviews two promising binational initiatives that could help address these challenges-Salud Migrante and Medicare in Mexico; discusses their prospective applications within the context of U.S. health care reform; and identifies potential challenges to their implementation (legal, political, and regulatory), as well as the possible benefits, including coverage of uninsured Mexican immigrants, and their integration into the U.S. health care system (through Salud Migrante), and access to lower-cost Medicare-supported health care for U.S. retirees in Mexico (Medicare in Mexico).


Aunque la reforma del sector sanitario de los Estados Unidos muy probablemente reducirá el número global de ciudadanos estadounidenses de origen mexicano sin cobertura de atención de la salud, esta reforma no afronta los problemas relacionados con esta cobertura para los inmigrantes mexicanos indocumentados, quienes seguirán sin tener seguro aun tras la aplicación de las medidas de la reforma; para los inmigrantes mexicanos documentados de bajos ingresos que no han cumplido el período de espera de cinco años requerido para recibir las prestaciones de Medicaid; o para el número cada vez mayor de ciudadanos estadounidenses jubilados que viven en México y no pueden acceder con facilidad a los servicios de Medicare. En este artículo se analizan dos iniciativas binacionales prometedoras que podrían ayudar a afrontar estos retos: Salud Migrante y Medicare en México. Se tratan además sus futuras aplicaciones dentro del contexto de la reforma del sector sanitario de los Estados Unidos y se señalan los posibles retos para su ejecución (legales, políticos y reglamentarios), al igual que las posibles prestaciones, como la cobertura de los inmigrantes mexicanos no asegurados y su integración en el sistema de atención de la salud de los Estados Unidos (mediante Salud Migrante), y el acceso a atención de la salud de bajo costo, con el apoyo de Medicare, para los jubilados estadounidenses residentes en México (Medicare en México).


Subject(s)
Humans , Emigrants and Immigrants , Emigration and Immigration , Insurance Coverage , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , International Cooperation , Medicare/organization & administration , Transients and Migrants , Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation & jurisprudence , Emigration and Immigration/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Care Reform/economics , Health Care Reform/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Services Accessibility/economics , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/legislation & jurisprudence , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Insurance, Major Medical/legislation & jurisprudence , International Cooperation/legislation & jurisprudence , Medically Uninsured/legislation & jurisprudence , Medicare/legislation & jurisprudence , Mexican Americans , Mexico , Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act , Pilot Projects , Poverty/economics , Retirement/economics , Transients and Migrants/legislation & jurisprudence , United States , Global Health/economics , Global Health/legislation & jurisprudence
12.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s188-s196, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | RHS, LILACS | ID: lil-597138

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se describen las condiciones de salud de la población salvadoreña y, con mayor detalle, el sistema de salud de El Salvador, incluyendo su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, los recursos físicos, materiales y humanos con los que cuenta, las actividades de rectoría que desarrolla el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, y la participación de los usuarios de los servicios de salud en la evaluación del sistema. Asimismo se discuten las más recientes innovaciones implantadas por el sistema salvadoreño de salud, dentro de las que destacan la aprobación de la Ley de Creación del Sistema Nacional de Salud que busca ampliar la cobertura, disminuir las desigualdades y mejorar la coordinación de las instituciones públicas de salud.


This paper describes the health conditions in El Salvador and the main característics of the Salvadoran health system, including its structure and coverage, its financial sources, the physical, material and human resources available, the stewardship functions developed by the Ministry of Public Health, and the participation of health care users in the evaluation of the system. It also discusses the most recent policy innovations including the approval of the Law for the Creation of the National Health System, which intends to expand coverage, reduce health inequalities and improve the coordination of public health institutions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , El Salvador , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
13.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s96-s109, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597130

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se describe el sistema de salud de Argentina, que está compuesto por tres sectores: público, de seguridad social y privado. El sector público está integrado por los ministerios nacional y provincial, y la red de hospitales y centros de salud públicos que prestan atención gratuita a toda persona que lo demande, fundamentalmente a personas sin seguridad social y sin capacidad de pago. Se financia con recursos fiscales y recibe pagos ocasionales de parte del sistema de seguridad social cuando atiende a sus afiliados. El sector del seguro social obligatorio está organizado en torno a las Obras Sociales (OS), que aseguran y prestan servicios a los trabajadores y sus familias. La mayoría de las OS operan a través de contratos con prestadores privados y se financian con contribuciones de los trabajadores y patronales. El sector privado está conformado por profesionales de la salud y establecimientos que atienden a demandantes individuales, a los beneficiarios de las OS y de los seguros privados. Este sector también incluye entidades de seguro voluntario llamadas Empresas de Medicina Prepaga que se financian sobre todo con primas que pagan las familias y/o las empresas. En este trabajo también se describen las innovaciones recientes en el sistema de salud, incluyendo el Programa Remediar.


This paper describes the health system of Argentina.This system has three sectors: public, social security and private.The public sector includes the national and provincial ministries as well as the network of public hospitals and primary health care units which provide care to the poor and uninsured population. This sector is financed with taxes and payments made by social security beneficiaries that use public health care facilities. The social security sector or Obras Sociales (OS) covers all workers of the formal economy and their families. Most OS operate through contracts with private providers and are financed with payroll contributions of employers and employees. Finally, the private sector includes all those private providers offering services to individuals, OS beneficiaries and all those with private health insurance.This sector also includes private insurance agencies called Prepaid Medicine Enterprises, financed mostly through premiums paid by families and/or employers.This paper also discusses some of the recent innovations implemented in Argentina, including the program Remediar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Argentina , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
14.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s109-s119, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597131

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describen las características generales del sistema de salud de Bolivia: su organización y cobertura; sus fuentes de financiamiento y gasto en salud; los recursos físicos, materiales y humanos de los que dispone; las actividades de rectoría que desarrolla, y el nivel que ha alcanzado la investigación en salud. También se discuten las innovaciones más recientes que se han llevado a cabo en los últimos años, incluyendo el Seguro Universal Materno Infantil, el Programa de Extensión de Cobertura a Áreas Rurales, el Modelo de Salud Familiar, Comunitaria e Intercultural y el programa de subsidios monetarios Juana Azurduy, dirigido a fortalecer la atención prenatal y del parto.


This paper describes the Bolivian health system, including its structure and organization, its financing sources, its health expenditure, its physical, material and humans resources, its stewardship activities and the its health research institutions. It also discusses the most recent policy innovations developed in Bolivia: the Maternal and Child Universal Insurance, the Program for the Extension of Coverage to Rural Areas, the Family, Community and Inter-Cultural Health Model and the cash-transfer program Juana Azurduy intended to strengthen maternal and child care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Bolivia , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
15.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s120-s131, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597132

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describe el sistema de salud de Brasil, que está compuesto por un sector público que cubre alrededor de 75 por ciento de la población y un creciente sector privado que ofrece atención a la salud al restante 25 por ciento de los brasileños. El sector público está constituido por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) y su financiamiento proviene de impuestos generales y contribuciones sociales recaudadas por los tres niveles de gobierno (federal, estatal y municipal). El SUS presta servicios de manera descentralizada a través de sus redes de clínicas, hospitales y otro tipo de instalaciones, y a través de contratos con establecimientos privados. El SUS es además responsable de la coordinación del sector público. El sector privado está conformado por un sistema de esquemas de aseguramiento conocido como Salud Suplementaria financiado con recursos de las empresas y/o las familias: la medicina de grupo (empresas y familias), las cooperativas médicas, los llamados Planes Autoadministrados (empresas) y los planes de seguros de salud individuales. También existen consultorios, hospitales, clínicas y laboratorios privados que funcionan sobre la base de pagos de bolsillo, que utilizan sobre todo la población de mayores ingresos. En este trabajo se analizan los recursos con los que cuenta el sistema, las actividades de rectoría que se desarrollan y las innovaciones más recientemente implantadas, incluyendo el Programa de Salud de la Familia y el Programa Más Salud.


This paper describes the Brazilian health system, which includes a public sector covering almost 75 percent of the population and an expanding private sector offering health services to the rest of the population. The public sector is organized around the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) and it is financed with general taxes and social contributions collected by the three levels of government (federal, state and municipal). SUS provides health care through a decentralized network of clinics, hospitals and other establishments, as well as through contracts with private providers. SUS is also responsible for the coordination of the public sector. The private sector includes a system of insurance schemes known as Supplementary Health which is financed by employers and/or households: group medicine (companies and households), medical cooperatives, the so called Self-Administered Plans (companies) and individual insurance plans.The private sector also includes clinics, hospitals and laboratories offering services on out-of-pocket basis mostly used by the high-income population. This paper also describes the resources of the system, the stewardship activities developed by the Ministry of Health and other actors, and the most recent policy innovations implemented in Brazil, including the programs saúde da Familia and Mais Saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Brazil , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
16.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s132-s142, 2011. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597133

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describe el sistema de salud de Chile, incluyendo su estructura, financiamiento, beneficiarios y recursos físicos, materiales y humanos de los que dispone. Este sistema está compuesto por dos sectores, público y privado. El sector público está formado por todos los organismos que constituyen el Sistema Nacional de Servicios de Salud y cubre aproximadamente a 70 por ciento de la población, incluyendo a los pobres del campo y las ciudades, la clase media baja y los jubilados, así como los profesionales y técnicos. El sector privado cubre aproximadamente a 17.5 por ciento de la población perteneciente a los grupos sociales de mayores ingresos. Un pequeño sector de la población, perteneciente a la clase alta, realiza pagos directos de bolsillo a proveedores privados de servicios de atención a la salud. Alrededor de 10 por ciento de la población está cubierta por otras agencias públicas, fundamentalmente los Servicios de Salud de las Fuerzas Armadas. Recientemente el sistema se reformó creando el Régimen General de Garantías en Salud, que establece un Sistema Universal con Garantías Explícitas que se tradujo, en 2005, en el Plan de Acceso Universal con Garantías Explícitas (AUGE), que garantiza el acceso oportuno a servicios de calidad para 56 problemas de salud, incluyendo cáncer en niños, cáncer de mama, trastornos isquémicos del corazón, VIH/SIDA y diabetes.


This paper describes the Chilean health system, including its structure, financing, beneficiaries, and its physical, material and human resources. This system has two sectors, public and private. The public sector comprises all the organisms that constitute the National System of Health Services, which covers 70 percent of the population, including the rural and urban poor, the low middle-class, the retired, and the self-employed professionals and technicians.The private sector covers 17.5 percent of the population, mostly the upper middle-class and the high-income population. A small proportion of the population uses private health services and pays for them out-of-pocket. Around l0 percent of the population is covered by other public agencies, basically the Health Services for the Armed Forces. The system was recently reformed with the establishment of a Universal System of Explicit Entitlements, which operates through a Universal Plan of Explicit Entitlements (AUGE), which guarantees timely access to treatment for 56 health problems, including cancer in children, breast cancer, ischaemic heart disease, HIV/AIDS and diabetes.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Chile , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
17.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s144-s155, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597134

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se presenta una breve descripción de las condiciones de salud de Colombia y una descripción detallada del sistema colombiano de salud. Esta última incluye una descripción de su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, el gasto en salud, los recursos con los que cuenta, quién vigila y evalúa al sector salud y qué herramientas de participación tienen los usuarios. Dentro de las innovaciones más recientes del sistema se incluyen las modificaciones al Plan Obligatorio de Salud y a los montos de la unidad de pago por capitación, la integración vertical entre empresas promotoras de salud y las instituciones prestadoras de servicios, así como el establecimiento de nuevas fuentes de recursos para lograr la universalidad e igualar los planes de beneficios entre los distintos regímenes.


This document briefly describes the health conditions of the Colombian population and, in more detail, the characteristics of the Colombian health system. The description of the system includes its structure and coverage; financing sources; expenditure in health; physical material and human resources available; monitoring and evaluation procedures; and mechanisms through which the population participates in the evaluation of the system. Salient among the most recent innovations implemented in the Colombian health system are the modification of the Compulsory Health Plan and the capitation payment unit, the vertical integration of the health promotion enterprises and the institutions in charge of the provision of services and the mobilization of additional resources to meet the objectives of universal coverage and the homologation of health benefits among health regimes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Colombia , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
18.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s156-s167, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597135

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describe el sistema de salud de Costa Rica, que presta servicios de salud, agua y saneamiento. El componente de servicios de salud incluye un sector público y uno privado. El sector público está dominado por la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), institución autónoma encargada del financiamiento, compra y prestación de la mayoría de los servicios personales. La CCSS se financia con contribuciones de los afiliados, los empleadores y el Estado, y administra tres regímenes: el seguro de enfermedad y maternidad, el seguro de invalidez, vejez y muerte, y el régimen no contributivo. La CCSS presta servicios en sus propias instalaciones o contrata prestadores del sector privado con los que establece contratos denominados "compromisos de gestión". El sector privado comprende una amplia red de prestadores que ofrecen servicios ambulatorios y de especialidad con fines lucrativos. Estos servicios se financian sobre todo con pagos de bolsillo, pero también con primas de seguros privados. El Ministerio de Salud es el rector del sistema y como tal cumple con funciones de dirección política, regulación sanitaria, direccionamiento de la investigación y desarrollo tecnológico. Dentro de las innovaciones relativamente recientes que se han implantado en Costa Rica destacan la implantación de los equipos básicos de atención integral de salud (EBAIS), la desconcentración de los hospitales y clínicas públicos, la introducción de los acuerdos de gestión y la creación de las Juntas de Salud.


This paper describes the Costa Rican health system which provides health, water and sanitation services. The health component of the system includes a public and a private sector. The public sector is dominated by the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), an autonomous institution in charge of financing, purchasing and delivering most of the personal health services in Costa Rica. CCSS is financed with contributions of the affiliates, employers and the state, and manages three regimes: maternity and illness insurance, disability, old age and death insurance, and a non-contributive regime. CCSS provides services in its own facilities but also contracts with private providers. The private sector includes a broad set of services offering ambulatory and hospital care. These services are financed mostly out-of-pocket, but also with private insurance premiums. The Ministry of Health is the steward of the system, in charge of strategic planning, sanitary regulation, and research and technology development. Among the recent policy innovations we can mention the establishment of the basic teams for comprehensive health care (EBAIS), the de-concentration of hospitals and public clinics, the introduction of management agreements and the creation of the Health Boards.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Costa Rica , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Sanitation/economics , Sanitation/statistics & numerical data , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
19.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s177-s187, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597137

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describen las condiciones de salud en Ecuador y, con mayor detalle, las características del sistema ecuatoriano de salud, incluyendo su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, los recursos físicos, materiales y humanos de los que dispone, las tareas de rectoría que desarrolla el Ministerio de Salud Pública, la generación de información en salud, las tareas de investigación, y la participación de los ciudadanos en la operación y evaluación del sistema. También se discuten las innovaciones más recientes que se han implantado en el sistema ecuatoriano de salud dentro de las que destaca la incorporación de un capítulo específico sobre salud a la nueva Constitución que reconoce a la protección de la salud como un derecho humano y la construcción de la Red Pública Integral de Salud.


This paper describes the health conditions in Ecuador and, in more detail, the characteristics of the Ecuadorian health system, including its structure and coverage, its financial sources, the physical, material and human resources available, and the stewardship activities developed by the Ministry of Public Health. It also describes the structure and content of its health information system, and the participation of citizens in the operation and evaluation of the health system. The paper ends with a discussion of the most recent policy innovations implemented in the Ecuadorian system, including the incorporation of a chapter on health into the new Constitution which recognizes the protection of health as a human right, and the construction of the Comprehensive Public Health Network.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Ecuador , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Information Services/organization & administration , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
20.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.2): s197-s197, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597139

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describen las condiciones de salud y el sistema de salud de Guatemala, incluyendo su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, las actividades de rectoría que en él se desarrollan, así como las tareas de generación de información en salud e investigación. También se discuten los esfuerzos por ampliar la cobertura de servicios básicos, sobre todo a las comunidades rurales pobres. Destacan dentro de las innovaciones recientes del sistema guatemalteco de salud el Programa de Extensión de Cobertura de Servicios Básicos y el Programa de Accesibilidad de Medicamentos, así como los acuerdos del Ministerio de Salud con organizaciones de la sociedad civil para prestar servicios básicos en comunidades rurales.


This paper describes the health conditions in Guatemala and, in more detail, the characteristics of the Guatemalan health system, including its structure en coverage, its financial sources, the stewardship functions developed by the Ministry of Health, as well as the generation of health information and the development of research activities. It also discusses the recent efforts to extend coverage of essential health services, mostly to poor rural areas.The most recent innovations also discussed in this paper include the Program for the Expansion of Coverage of Essential Services, the Program to Expand Access to Essential Drugs and the agreements between the Ministry of Health and several non-governmental organizations to provide essential services in rural settings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Services Administration , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Financing, Organized/economics , Financing, Organized/organization & administration , Financing, Organized/statistics & numerical data , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Guatemala , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Health Resources/supply & distribution , Health Services Administration/economics , Health Services Administration/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/economics , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Indicators , Insurance Benefits/economics , Insurance Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Insurance Coverage/economics , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/organization & administration , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Organizational Innovation , Private Sector/economics , Private Sector/organization & administration , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Vital Statistics
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